Artificial intelligence
Also called: AI
In one sentence
Software that performs tasks we would normally say require human intelligence.
In more depth
The term covers a goal rather than a technique. It includes systems that learn from data (machine learning) and systems that do not — search algorithms, constraint solvers and rule-based expert systems are all historically part of the field.
Because the label is applied so broadly in marketing, the useful questions about any system described as AI are: what does it compute, what was it trained on, and how does it fail?